PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.